GOLD FAQ
Gold is a rare metallic element with a melting point of 1064 degrees centigrade and a boiling point of 2808 degrees centigrade. Its chemical symbol, Au, is short for the Latin word for gold, ‘Aurum’, which literally means ‘Glowing Dawn’. It has several properties that has made it very useful to mankind over the years, notably its excellent conductive properties and its inability to react with water or oxygen.
Gold is a rare metallic element with a melting point of 1064 degrees centigrade and a boiling point of 2808 degrees centigrade. Its chemical symbol, Au, is short for the Latin word for gold, ‘Aurum’, which literally means ‘Glowing Dawn’. It has several properties that has made it very useful to mankind over the years, notably its excellent conductive properties and its inability to react with water or oxygen.
A Carat (Karat in USA & Germany) was originally a unit of mass (weight) based on the Carob seed or bean used by ancient merchants in the Middle East. The Carob seed is from the Carob or locust bean tree. The carat is still used as such for the weight of gem stones (1 carat is about 200 mg). For gold, it has come to be used for measuring the purity of gold where pure gold is defined as 24 carats.
How and when this change occurred is not clear. It does involve the Romans who also used the name Siliqua Graeca (Keration in Greek, Qirat in Arabic, now Carat in modern times) for the bean of the Carob tree. The Romans also used the name Siliqua for a small silver coin which was one-twenty fourth of the golden solidus of Constantine.
This stems back to ancient times in the Mediterranean /Middle East, when a carat became used as a measure of the purity of gold alloys. The purity of gold is now measured also in terms of fineness, i.e. parts per thousand. Thus, 24 carats is pure Gold & its 999 fineness in the form of gold coins and bars, 22 carats is 22/24th of 1000 parts = 91.6% fineness its basically used in plain gold jewellery and 18 carats is 18/24th of 1000 parts = 75.0% fineness and 14 carats is 14/24th of 1000 parts = 58.3% fineness and is used in diamond and precious stone studded gold jewellery.
The Tola is a traditional South Asian unit of mass, defined as 3/8 troy ounce, or approximately equals to 11.6638 grams. It is mainly used in trading gold of India. In additional, Tola is as a unit of British Indian system of weights. It is equivalent to 10 grams. The Tola is popular used in gold bullion bars in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Singapore.
Conversion Table :-
| Troy ounce | Gram | Kilogram | Tola (South Asia) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troy ounce | 1 | 0.03215075 | 32.15075 | 0.375 |
| Gram | 31.1034768 | 1 | 1000 | 11.6638 |
| Kilogram | 0.03110348 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.0116638 |
| Tola (South Asia) | 2.6666675 | 0.08573535 | 85.73535 | 1 |
Gold is traditionally weighed in Troy Ounces (31.1035 grams). With the density of gold at 19.32 g/cm3, a troy ounce of gold would have a volume of 1.64 cm3. A tonne of gold would therefore have a volume of 51, 760 cm3, which would be equivalent to a cube of side 37.27cm (Approx. 1′ 3”).
The word gold is derived from the Indo-European root ‘yellow’, reflecting one of the most obvious properties of gold. This is reflected in the similarities of the word gold in various languages: Gold (English), Gold(German), Guld (Danish), Gulden (Dutch), Goud (Afrikaans), Gull (Norwegian) and Kulta (Finnish).
Karat meter is technically called X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometer. The analysis of gold / Silver in gold / Silver jewelry alloys has been performed during the last thirty centuries by the cupellation or fire assay method. Although it is the most accurate technique, it is also destructive. The touch stone method has been there for centuries but it is not an accurate method of testing gold / Silver. Its accuracy is dependent on composition and color of alloy, quality of touch stone, strength of touch acid, lighting conditions and operator skills. The test is not suitable for very high karat gold / Silver or hard white gold / Silver.
Hallmark items Provide third party assurance and satisfaction that customer gets right purity of gold (or silver) for the given price (value for money). Hallmark will serve as third party assurance.
To protect consumer against victimization due to irregular gold or silver quality, and to develop India as a leading gold market centre in the World and to develop export competitiveness.
DIAMONDS FAQ
- Carat – The size of the diamond.
- Cut – The shape.
- Color – The color ranging from clear to yellow. The closer to color-free the stone, the more worth it has on the market.
- Clarity – Imperfections within a diamond are call inclusions. Clarity ratings range from flawless, to level 3 imperfect.
- At The Present Time, Certificate Of Authenticity Is Counted As The Most Important “5th C” Of The Diamond Jewellery.
The first of the 4C’s is the carat weight. A diamond’s weight is the simplest of its characteristic to measure, and from the earliest times it was used to calculate the value of a diamond. The carat is a unit of weight which derives from the carob seed. The pods of the carob or locust tree contain tiny seeds which are remarkably consistent in weight. These seeds were used by early gem traders to weigh their diamonds.
A One carat diamond used to equal the weight of a carob seed, but in today’s terms the carat is a standard metric weight of 0.2grams, and each carat is divided into 100 cents. So for example, a quarter of a carat is 25 cents, written as 0.25; a half a carat is 50 cents, written as 0.50, and so on.
Diamonds are cut in the following shapes: round, princess, emerald, asscher, marquise, radiant, oval, pear, heart, and cushion.
White diamonds are valued for their lack of color. The closer to color-free the stone, the more worth it has on the market. Graduations of color in diamonds can be extremely subtle and are often unnoticeable to the untrained and naked eye. Diamonds categorized with the letters D, E, and F are considered to be exceptional white gems, with letters G through L signifying less valuable stones. Categories represented by letters M through Z are considered to be “tinted” diamonds.
Colored diamonds are graded on the intensity of their color, as opposed to lack of it. The most common colored diamonds are yellow, brown (champagne and cognac), blue, green, and pink. Diamonds sold for their color are labeled as “fancy” diamonds and some can rival exceptional white diamonds in cost.
Imperfections within a diamond are call inclusions. Inclusions are problematic because they interfere with light’s ability to pass through the gem, which makes the diamond less brilliant and therefore, less valuable. The international scale for clarity rates diamonds on the number of inclusions as well as the size and placement of them in the diamond. Clarity ratings range from flawless, meaning there are no inclusions present in the diamond, to level 3 imperfect, which means dark inclusions can be seen with the naked eye.
Explanations for each category of clarity are as follows:
- IF (Internally Flawless) – No internal inclusions, but minor surface blemishes which cannot be removed with polishing, such as surface grain lines or natural and extra facets on the crown. Blemishes that can be removed by minor re-polishing separate the internally flawless from the flawless grade.
- VVS1, VS2 (Very, Very Slightly Included) – Minute inclusions, such as reflective internal graining, which are difficult to locate using a 10x microscope.
- VS1, VS2 (Very Slightly Included) – Small inclusions, such as small included crystals, which are visible using a 10x microscope.
- SI1, SI2 (Slightly Included) – Inclusions that can be seen easily under a 10x microscope, and may also be seen with the naked eye using a white background. Inclusions in these diamonds cannot be seen through the crown of the diamond.
- I1 (Imperfect 1) – Inclusions can be seen with the naked eye and are quite obvious under a 10x microscope.
- I2 (Imperfect 2) – Inclusions can be seen with the naked eye and may interfere with transparency and brilliance.
- I3 (Imperfect 3) – Dark inclusions which are very noticeable to the naked eye, which interfere with transparency. Diamonds in this category may contain cleavages that are likely to worsen with wear.
Diamond Jewellery is Generally certified by 4 Government Institutions i.e.
- GIA – Gemological Institute of America
- IGI – International Gemological Institute
- IGL – Independent Gemological Laboratory
- EGL – European Gemological Laboratory
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